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	<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Judith_Shklar</id>
	<title>Judith Shklar - Historial de revisions</title>
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	<updated>2026-06-14T07:32:17Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481400&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jose2 en 17:31 13 jun 2026</title>
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		<updated>2026-06-13T17:31:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 17:31 13 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l49&quot;&gt;Llínea 49:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 49:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Enllaços externs ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Enllaços externs ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=11942150X&amp;amp;method=simpleSearch Bibliografía relacionada con Judith Shklar. Biblioteca Nacional de Alemania ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=11942150X&amp;amp;method=simpleSearch Bibliografía relacionada con Judith Shklar. Biblioteca Nacional de Alemania&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Categoria:Biografies]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Categoria:Filòsofs]&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Jose2</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481399&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jose2 en 17:30 13 jun 2026</title>
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		<updated>2026-06-13T17:30:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 17:30 13 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot;&gt;Llínea 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Judith Shklar va nàixer com Judita Nisse (en letó: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Judīet Nisse&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) en [[Riga]], [[Letònia]], en el sí d&amp;#039;una família judeua letona&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hannes Bajohr, &amp;quot;Judith N. Shklar (1928–1992): Eine werkbiografische Skizze&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Landes, Xavier. &amp;quot;[https://satori.lv/article/atceroties-dzuditu-sklaru-liberalisms-ka-briviba-no-bailem Ksavjē Lands | Atceroties Džūditu Šklāru: liberālisms kā brīvība no bailē]m&amp;quot; [Xavier Landes | Remembering Judith Shklar: liberalism as freedom from fear]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;satori.lv&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in Latvian).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Per la persecució durant la [[Segona Guerra Mundial]], la seua família va fugir d&amp;#039;[[Europa]] passant per Japó fins a aplegar a [[Estats Units]] i finalment a [[Canadà]] en l&amp;#039;any [[1941]], quan ella tenia tretze anys. Començà els seus estudis en l&amp;#039;Universitat McGill als 16 anys, a on va obtindre els títuls de llicenciatura i màster en Arts en [[1949]] i [[1950]], respectivament. Més tart recordaria que les normes d&amp;#039;admissió en McGill en aquell moment exigien 750 punts als judeus i 600 als demés. Obtingué el seu doctorat en el Radcliffe College en l&amp;#039;any [[1955]]. El seu mentor va ser el célebre teòric polític [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Carl]] [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Joachim Friedrich]], qui, segons recordaria posteriorment, solament li va fer un elogi: «&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bo, esta no és la tesis habitual, pero tampoc esperava que ho&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;fora&amp;#039;&amp;#039;». En el temps, acabaria convertint-se en la seua successora.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Judith Shklar va nàixer com Judita Nisse (en letó: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Judīet Nisse&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) en [[Riga]], [[Letònia]], en el sí d&amp;#039;una família judeua letona&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hannes Bajohr, &amp;quot;Judith N. Shklar (1928–1992): Eine werkbiografische Skizze&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Landes, Xavier. &amp;quot;[https://satori.lv/article/atceroties-dzuditu-sklaru-liberalisms-ka-briviba-no-bailem Ksavjē Lands | Atceroties Džūditu Šklāru: liberālisms kā brīvība no bailē]m&amp;quot; [Xavier Landes | Remembering Judith Shklar: liberalism as freedom from fear]. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;satori.lv&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in Latvian).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Per la persecució durant la [[Segona Guerra Mundial]], la seua família va fugir d&amp;#039;[[Europa]] passant per Japó fins a aplegar a [[Estats Units]] i finalment a [[Canadà]] en l&amp;#039;any [[1941]], quan ella tenia tretze anys. Començà els seus estudis en l&amp;#039;Universitat McGill als 16 anys, a on va obtindre els títuls de llicenciatura i màster en Arts en [[1949]] i [[1950]], respectivament. Més tart recordaria que les normes d&amp;#039;admissió en McGill en aquell moment exigien 750 punts als judeus i 600 als demés. Obtingué el seu doctorat en el Radcliffe College en l&amp;#039;any [[1955]]. El seu mentor va ser el célebre teòric polític [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Carl]] [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Joachim Friedrich]], qui, segons recordaria posteriorment, solament li va fer un elogi: «&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bo, esta no és la tesis habitual, pero tampoc esperava que ho&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;fora&amp;#039;&amp;#039;». En el temps, acabaria convertint-se en la seua successora.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Shklar s&#039;incorporà al professorat de Harvard en 1956, convertint-se en 1971 en la primera dòna en obtindre la titularitat (&#039;&#039;tenure&#039;&#039;) en el Departament de Govern de l&#039;universitat. Durant el seu primer any en el puesto, el departament li va permetre quedar-se en casa ab el seu primer fill mentres escrivia el seu primer llibre&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;Judith Shklar, Professor and Noted Theorist, Dies.&quot; &#039;&#039;Harvard Crimson&#039;&#039;September 18, 1992.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Quan arribà el moment de decidir sobre la seua titularitat, el departament va mostrar indecisió, per lo que Shklar va propondre un nomenament a mija jornada en titularitat efectiva i el títul de professora adjunta (&#039;&#039;lecturer&#039;&#039;), en part perque llavors ya tenia tres fills. En 1980 fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern. El seu amic i colega [[Stanley Hoffmann]] va comentar en una ocasió: «&#039;&#039;era, en diferència, la major estrela del departament&#039;&#039;».Hoffmann també la va descriure com «&#039;&#039;la persona més devastadorament inteligent que he conegut ací&#039;&#039;».&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Shklar s&#039;incorporà al professorat de Harvard en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1956&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, convertint-se en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1971&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;en la primera dòna en obtindre la titularitat (&#039;&#039;tenure&#039;&#039;) en el Departament de Govern de l&#039;universitat. Durant el seu primer any en el puesto, el departament li va permetre quedar-se en casa ab el seu primer fill mentres escrivia el seu primer llibre&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;Judith Shklar, Professor and Noted Theorist, Dies.&quot; &#039;&#039;Harvard Crimson&#039;&#039;September 18, 1992.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Quan arribà el moment de decidir sobre la seua titularitat, el departament va mostrar indecisió, per lo que Shklar va propondre un nomenament a mija jornada en titularitat efectiva i el títul de professora adjunta (&#039;&#039;lecturer&#039;&#039;), en part perque llavors ya tenia tres fills. En &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;any [[&lt;/ins&gt;1980&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern. El seu amic i colega [[Stanley Hoffmann]] va comentar en una ocasió: «&#039;&#039;era, en diferència, la major estrela del departament&#039;&#039;». Hoffmann també la va descriure com «&#039;&#039;la persona més devastadorament inteligent que he conegut ací&#039;&#039;».&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A lo llarc de la seua carrera, Shklar eixercità diverses funcions acadèmiques i professionals. Per eixemple, va participar activament en el comité que va integrar l&amp;#039;American Repertory Theater en la comunitat de Harvard.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A lo llarc de la seua carrera, Shklar eixercità diverses funcions acadèmiques i professionals. Per eixemple, va participar activament en el comité que va integrar l&amp;#039;American Repertory Theater en la comunitat de Harvard.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l22&quot;&gt;Llínea 22:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 22:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Premis i distincions ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Premis i distincions ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fon elegida membre de l&#039;Acadèmia Nortamericana de les Arts i les Ciències en 1970&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;[https://www.amacad.org/person/judith-nisse-shklar Judith Nisse Shklar]&quot;. &#039;&#039;American Academy of Arts &amp;amp; Sciences&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; i de l&#039;American Philosophical Society en 1990&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;[https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Judith+Nisse+Shklar&amp;amp;title=&amp;amp;subject=&amp;amp;subdiv=&amp;amp;mem=&amp;amp;year=&amp;amp;year-max=&amp;amp;dead=&amp;amp;keyword=&amp;amp;smode=advanced APS Member History]&quot;. &#039;&#039;search.amphilsoc.org&#039;&#039;. Retrieved 2022-04-19.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Eixercí com a presidenta de l&#039;American Society for Political and Llegal Philosophy (1982) i posteriorment com a vicepresidenta de l&#039;American Political Science Association (1983). Mentres ocupava este últim càrrec, també fon professora visitant Pitt d&#039;Història i Institucions Americanes en l&#039;[[Universitat de Cambridge]] (1983–1984). En 1984 va rebre una beca MacArthur pel seu treball. Aixina mateix, fon investigadora visitant en el All Souls College de l&#039;[[Universitat d&#039;Oxford]] en 1983 i 1986. Posteriorment, va ser conferenciant Carlyle en Oxford en 1986; conferenciant Storrs en la Facultat de Dret de [[Universitat Yale|Yale]] en 1988; conferenciant Tanner en l&#039;Universitat d&#039;Utah en 1989; i conferenciant Charles Homer Haskins de l&#039;American Council of Learned Societies en 1989. També en 1989 fon elegida la primera dòna presidenta de l&#039;American Political Science Association&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sue Tolleson-Rinehart and Susan J. Carroll, &quot;&#039;Far from Ideal:&#039; The Gender Politics of Political Science,&quot; &#039;&#039;The American Political Science Review&#039;&#039; 100, no. 4 (November 2006): 507–513.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fon elegida membre de l&#039;Acadèmia Nortamericana de les Arts i les Ciències en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1970&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;[https://www.amacad.org/person/judith-nisse-shklar Judith Nisse Shklar]&quot;. &#039;&#039;American Academy of Arts &amp;amp; Sciences&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; i de l&#039;American Philosophical Society en 1990&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;[https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Judith+Nisse+Shklar&amp;amp;title=&amp;amp;subject=&amp;amp;subdiv=&amp;amp;mem=&amp;amp;year=&amp;amp;year-max=&amp;amp;dead=&amp;amp;keyword=&amp;amp;smode=advanced APS Member History]&quot;. &#039;&#039;search.amphilsoc.org&#039;&#039;. Retrieved 2022-04-19.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Eixercí com a presidenta de l&#039;American Society for Political and Llegal Philosophy (1982) i posteriorment com a vicepresidenta de l&#039;American Political Science Association (1983). Mentres ocupava este últim càrrec, també fon professora visitant Pitt d&#039;Història i Institucions Americanes en l&#039;[[Universitat de Cambridge]] (1983–1984). En &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;any [[&lt;/ins&gt;1984&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;va rebre una beca MacArthur pel seu treball. Aixina mateix, fon investigadora visitant en el All Souls College de l&#039;[[Universitat d&#039;Oxford]] en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1983&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;i &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1986&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;. Posteriorment, va ser conferenciant Carlyle en Oxford en 1986; conferenciant Storrs en la Facultat de Dret de [[Universitat Yale|Yale]] en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1988&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;; conferenciant Tanner en l&#039;Universitat d&#039;Utah en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1989&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;; i conferenciant Charles Homer Haskins de l&#039;American Council of Learned Societies en 1989. També en 1989 fon elegida la primera dòna presidenta de l&#039;American Political Science Association&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sue Tolleson-Rinehart and Susan J. Carroll, &quot;&#039;Far from Ideal:&#039; The Gender Politics of Political Science,&quot; &#039;&#039;The American Political Science Review&#039;&#039; 100, no. 4 (November 2006): 507–513.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;En 1985, la secció de Phi Beta Kappa de l&#039;[[Universitat de Harvard]] li otorgà el seu premi a la docència, descrivint-la com a «&#039;&#039;exigent, gratificant, franca, justa i raonable, un model de qualitats intelectuals i humanes rarament combinades&#039;&#039;»&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;Judith Shklar, Professor And Noted Theorist, Dies,&quot; &#039;&#039;Harvard Crimson,&#039;&#039; September 18, 1992.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;En &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;any [[&lt;/ins&gt;1985&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, la secció de Phi Beta Kappa de l&#039;[[Universitat de Harvard]] li otorgà el seu premi a la docència, descrivint-la com a «&#039;&#039;exigent, gratificant, franca, justa i raonable, un model de qualitats intelectuals i humanes rarament combinades&#039;&#039;»&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&quot;Judith Shklar, Professor And Noted Theorist, Dies,&quot; &#039;&#039;Harvard Crimson,&#039;&#039; September 18, 1992.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== En la cultura popular ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== En la cultura popular ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Ordinary Vices&#039;&#039; de Shklar es menciona en la série de televisió nortamericana [[The Good Place]], a on servix d&#039;inspiració per a una societat ben ordenada&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;May, Todd (10 January 2020). &quot;&#039;[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/09/opinion/good-place-season-4.html The Good Place&#039; Asks, Are You the Worst Thing You&#039;ve Ever Done?]&quot;. &#039;&#039;New York Times&#039;&#039;. Retrieved September 9, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;Ordinary Vices&#039;&#039; de Shklar es menciona en la série de &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;televisió&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;nortamericana [[The Good Place]], a on servix d&#039;inspiració per a una societat ben ordenada&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;May, Todd (10 January 2020). &quot;&#039;[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/09/opinion/good-place-season-4.html The Good Place&#039; Asks, Are You the Worst Thing You&#039;ve Ever Done?]&quot;. &#039;&#039;New York Times&#039;&#039;. Retrieved September 9, 2021.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Obres ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Obres ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l49&quot;&gt;Llínea 49:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 49:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Enllaços externs ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Enllaços externs ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=11942150X&amp;amp;method=simpleSearch Bibliografía relacionada con Judith Shklar. Biblioteca Nacional de Alemania ]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Jose2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481398&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jose2 en 17:26 13 jun 2026</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481398&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-06-13T17:26:00Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 17:26 13 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] - † [[Cambridge (Massachusetts)]] [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] - † [[Cambridge (Massachusetts)]] [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;any &lt;/ins&gt;[[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Judith Shklar va nàixer com Judita Nisse (en letó: &#039;&#039;Judīet Nisse&#039;&#039;) en [[Riga]], [[Letònia]], en el sí d&#039;una família judeua letona&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hannes Bajohr, &quot;Judith N. Shklar (1928–1992): Eine werkbiografische Skizze&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Landes, Xavier. &quot;[https://satori.lv/article/atceroties-dzuditu-sklaru-liberalisms-ka-briviba-no-bailem Ksavjē Lands | Atceroties Džūditu Šklāru: liberālisms kā brīvība no bailē]m&quot; [Xavier Landes | Remembering Judith Shklar: liberalism as freedom from fear]. &#039;&#039;satori.lv&#039;&#039; (in Latvian).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Per la persecució durant la [[Segona Guerra Mundial]], la seua família va fugir d&#039;Europa passant per Japó fins a aplegar a Estats Units i finalment a Canadà en 1941, quan ella tenia tretze anys. Començà els seus estudis en l&#039;Universitat McGill als 16 anys, a on va obtindre els títuls de llicenciatura i màster en Arts en 1949 i 1950, respectivament. Més tart recordaria que les normes d&#039;admissió en McGill en aquell moment exigien 750 punts als judeus i 600 als demés. Obtingué el seu doctorat en el Radcliffe College en 1955. El seu mentor va ser el célebre teòric polític [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Carl]] [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Joachim Friedrich]], qui, segons recordaria posteriorment, solament li va fer un elogi: «&#039;&#039;Bo, esta no és la tesis habitual, pero tampoc esperava que ho&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;fora&#039;&#039;». En el temps, acabaria convertint-se en la seua successora.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Judith Shklar va nàixer com Judita Nisse (en letó: &#039;&#039;Judīet Nisse&#039;&#039;) en [[Riga]], [[Letònia]], en el sí d&#039;una família judeua letona&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hannes Bajohr, &quot;Judith N. Shklar (1928–1992): Eine werkbiografische Skizze&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Landes, Xavier. &quot;[https://satori.lv/article/atceroties-dzuditu-sklaru-liberalisms-ka-briviba-no-bailem Ksavjē Lands | Atceroties Džūditu Šklāru: liberālisms kā brīvība no bailē]m&quot; [Xavier Landes | Remembering Judith Shklar: liberalism as freedom from fear]. &#039;&#039;satori.lv&#039;&#039; (in Latvian).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Per la persecució durant la [[Segona Guerra Mundial]], la seua família va fugir d&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Europa&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;passant per Japó fins a aplegar a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Estats Units&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;i finalment a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Canadà&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;any [[&lt;/ins&gt;1941&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, quan ella tenia tretze anys. Començà els seus estudis en l&#039;Universitat McGill als 16 anys, a on va obtindre els títuls de llicenciatura i màster en Arts en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1949&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;i &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;1950&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, respectivament. Més tart recordaria que les normes d&#039;admissió en McGill en aquell moment exigien 750 punts als judeus i 600 als demés. Obtingué el seu doctorat en el Radcliffe College en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l&#039;any [[&lt;/ins&gt;1955&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;. El seu mentor va ser el célebre teòric polític [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Carl]] [[Carl Joachim Friedrich|Joachim Friedrich]], qui, segons recordaria posteriorment, solament li va fer un elogi: «&#039;&#039;Bo, esta no és la tesis habitual, pero tampoc esperava que ho&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;fora&#039;&#039;». En el temps, acabaria convertint-se en la seua successora.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Shklar s&amp;#039;incorporà al professorat de Harvard en 1956, convertint-se en 1971 en la primera dòna en obtindre la titularitat (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;tenure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) en el Departament de Govern de l&amp;#039;universitat. Durant el seu primer any en el puesto, el departament li va permetre quedar-se en casa ab el seu primer fill mentres escrivia el seu primer llibre&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Judith Shklar, Professor and Noted Theorist, Dies.&amp;quot; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Harvard Crimson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;September 18, 1992.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Quan arribà el moment de decidir sobre la seua titularitat, el departament va mostrar indecisió, per lo que Shklar va propondre un nomenament a mija jornada en titularitat efectiva i el títul de professora adjunta (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;lecturer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;), en part perque llavors ya tenia tres fills. En 1980 fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern. El seu amic i colega [[Stanley Hoffmann]] va comentar en una ocasió: «&amp;#039;&amp;#039;era, en diferència, la major estrela del departament&amp;#039;&amp;#039;».Hoffmann també la va descriure com «&amp;#039;&amp;#039;la persona més devastadorament inteligent que he conegut ací&amp;#039;&amp;#039;».&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Shklar s&amp;#039;incorporà al professorat de Harvard en 1956, convertint-se en 1971 en la primera dòna en obtindre la titularitat (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;tenure&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) en el Departament de Govern de l&amp;#039;universitat. Durant el seu primer any en el puesto, el departament li va permetre quedar-se en casa ab el seu primer fill mentres escrivia el seu primer llibre&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Judith Shklar, Professor and Noted Theorist, Dies.&amp;quot; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Harvard Crimson&amp;#039;&amp;#039;September 18, 1992.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. Quan arribà el moment de decidir sobre la seua titularitat, el departament va mostrar indecisió, per lo que Shklar va propondre un nomenament a mija jornada en titularitat efectiva i el títul de professora adjunta (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;lecturer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;), en part perque llavors ya tenia tres fills. En 1980 fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern. El seu amic i colega [[Stanley Hoffmann]] va comentar en una ocasió: «&amp;#039;&amp;#039;era, en diferència, la major estrela del departament&amp;#039;&amp;#039;».Hoffmann també la va descriure com «&amp;#039;&amp;#039;la persona més devastadorament inteligent que he conegut ací&amp;#039;&amp;#039;».&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Jose2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481397&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jose2 en 17:23 13 jun 2026</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481397&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-06-13T17:23:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 17:23 13 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;–&lt;/del&gt;[[Cambridge (Massachusetts)]] [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- † &lt;/ins&gt;[[Cambridge (Massachusetts)]] [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Jose2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481222&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Valencian en 14:12 8 jun 2026</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481222&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-06-08T14:12:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 14:12 8 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] – [[Cambridge (Massachusetts)]] [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]]–[[Cambridge (Massachusetts)]] [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Valencian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481221&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Valencian en 14:11 8 jun 2026</title>
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		<updated>2026-06-08T14:11:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 14:11 8 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]], [[Letònia&lt;/del&gt;]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] – [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Riga]], [[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] – &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Cambridge (Massachusetts)]] &lt;/ins&gt;[[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Valencian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481220&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Valencian en 14:09 8 jun 2026</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481220&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-06-08T14:09:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 14:09 8 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] – [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Riga]], [[Letònia]], &lt;/ins&gt;[[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] – [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[Llista de teòrics polítics|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Valencian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481212&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Avenza: Millora de l&#039;artícul</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481212&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-06-08T10:55:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Millora de l&amp;#039;artícul&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;vlc&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 10:55 8 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l34&quot;&gt;Llínea 34:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 34:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;After Utopia: The Decline of Political Faith&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Princeton University Press, 1957) – Anàlisis de la decadència de la filosofia política al llarc del siglo XIX i XX.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;After Utopia: The Decline of Political Faith&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Princeton University Press, 1957) – Anàlisis de la decadència de la filosofia política al llarc del siglo XIX i XX.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Harvard University Press, 1964) – Una investigació sobre teoria política i jurisprudència, analisant especialment el llegalisme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Harvard University Press, 1964) – Una investigació sobre teoria política i jurisprudència, analisant especialment el llegalisme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau&#039;s Social Theory&#039;&#039; (Cambridge University Press, 1969) – Una revisió de Rousseau i la seua teoria social&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau&#039;s Social Theory&#039;&#039; (Cambridge University Press, 1969) – Una revisió de &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Jean Jacques &lt;/ins&gt;Rousseau&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|Rousseau]] &lt;/ins&gt;i la seua teoria social&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Freedom and Independence: A Study of the Political Ideas of Hegel&#039;s Phenomenology of Mind&#039;&#039; (Cambridge University Press, 1976) – Una revisió de l&#039;obra de Hegel &#039;&#039;Fenomenologia del Esperit.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Freedom and Independence: A Study of the Political Ideas of Hegel&#039;s Phenomenology of Mind&#039;&#039; (Cambridge University Press, 1976) – Una revisió de l&#039;obra de &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|&lt;/ins&gt;Hegel&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;Fenomenologia del Esperit.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ordinary Vices&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1984) – Una colecció de sis ensajos sobre els vicis ordinaris de la crueltat, l&amp;#039;hipocresia, l&amp;#039;esnobisme, la traïció i la misantropia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ordinary Vices&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1984) – Una colecció de sis ensajos sobre els vicis ordinaris de la crueltat, l&amp;#039;hipocresia, l&amp;#039;esnobisme, la traïció i la misantropia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Montesquieu&#039;&#039; (Oxford University Press, 1987) – Una introducció al pensament de Montesquieu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &#039;&#039;Montesquieu&#039;&#039; (Oxford University Press, 1987) – Una introducció al pensament de &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Montesquieu&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Faces of Injustice&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Yale University Press, 1990) – Tres ensajos sobre l&amp;#039;injustícia: &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Giving Injustice Its Due&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Misfortune and Injustice&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;quot; i &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Sense of Injustice.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Faces of Injustice&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Yale University Press, 1990) – Tres ensajos sobre l&amp;#039;injustícia: &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Giving Injustice Its Due&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Misfortune and Injustice&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;quot; i &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Sense of Injustice.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Harvard University Press, 1991) – Una visió sobre lo que constituix la ciutadania americana.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Harvard University Press, 1991) – Una visió sobre lo que constituix la ciutadania americana.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key lenciclopediaorg:diff:1.41:old-481210:rev-481212:php=table --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Avenza</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481210&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Avenza: Millora de l&#039;artícul</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=481210&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-06-08T10:46:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Millora de l&amp;#039;artícul&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 10:46 8 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Llínea 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pensament ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Pensament ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;El pensament de Shklar es centrà en dos idees principals: la crueltat com el pijor dels mals i el «lliberalisme de la por». Aborda la primera idea en el seu ensaig «Putting Cruelty First», publicat en Daedalus (1982), i en Ordinary Vices (1984)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Shklar, Judith N. (1982). &quot;Putting Cruelty First&quot;. &#039;&#039;Daedalus&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;&#039;111&#039;&#039;&#039; (3): 17–27. [https://search.worldcat.org/es/search?q=n2:0011-5266 ISSN 0011-5266]. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20024800?seq=1 JSTOR 20024800].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Smith, Blake. &quot;[https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/judith-shklar-politics-of-fear Moral Cruelty and the Left]&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. La seua segona idea principal, desenrollada en el seu ensaig «The Liberalism of Fear», es fonamenta en la primera i se centra en cóm els governs tendixen a abusar de les «inevitables desigualtats de poder» que resulten de l&#039;organisació política.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;El pensament de Shklar es centrà en dos idees principals: la crueltat com el pijor dels mals i el «lliberalisme de la por». Aborda la primera idea en el seu ensaig «Putting Cruelty First», publicat en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Daedalus&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;(1982), i en Ordinary Vices (1984)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Shklar, Judith N. (1982). &quot;Putting Cruelty First&quot;. &#039;&#039;Daedalus&#039;&#039;. &#039;&#039;&#039;111&#039;&#039;&#039; (3): 17–27. [https://search.worldcat.org/es/search?q=n2:0011-5266 ISSN 0011-5266]. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20024800?seq=1 JSTOR 20024800].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Smith, Blake. &quot;[https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/judith-shklar-politics-of-fear Moral Cruelty and the Left]&quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. La seua segona idea principal, desenrollada en el seu ensaig «The Liberalism of Fear», es fonamenta en la primera i se centra en cóm els governs tendixen a abusar de les «inevitables desigualtats de poder» que resulten de l&#039;organisació política.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A partir d&amp;#039;estes idees fonamentals, Shklar defengué la democràcia constitucional&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Judith Shklar, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Harvard University Press, 1964, ISBN &amp;lt;bdi&amp;gt;978-0-674-52351-7&amp;lt;/bdi&amp;gt;).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, que considerava imperfecta, pero aixina i tot la millor forma de govern possible. En la seua opinió, una democràcia constitucional protegix a les persones front als abusos dels més poderosos en llimitar l&amp;#039;acció del govern i en distribuir el poder entre una «multiplicitat de grups políticament actius»&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Judith Shklar, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Liberalism of Fear&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (written in 1989, first major publication 1998)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. La seua preocupació pels possibles abusos del poder governamental es derivava de la seua atenció als ciutadans corrents, més que a les institucions i a les èlits, ya que és la gent comuna qui sofrix en major medida els efectes del mal institucional i de l&amp;#039;injustícia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A partir d&amp;#039;estes idees fonamentals, Shklar defengué la democràcia constitucional&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Judith Shklar, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Harvard University Press, 1964, ISBN &amp;lt;bdi&amp;gt;978-0-674-52351-7&amp;lt;/bdi&amp;gt;).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, que considerava imperfecta, pero aixina i tot la millor forma de govern possible. En la seua opinió, una democràcia constitucional protegix a les persones front als abusos dels més poderosos en llimitar l&amp;#039;acció del govern i en distribuir el poder entre una «multiplicitat de grups políticament actius»&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Judith Shklar, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Liberalism of Fear&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (written in 1989, first major publication 1998)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. La seua preocupació pels possibles abusos del poder governamental es derivava de la seua atenció als ciutadans corrents, més que a les institucions i a les èlits, ya que és la gent comuna qui sofrix en major medida els efectes del mal institucional i de l&amp;#039;injustícia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Avenza</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=480850&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Avenza: Millora de l&#039;artícul</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Shklar&amp;diff=480850&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-06-05T10:19:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Millora de l&amp;#039;artícul&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisió anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisió de 10:19 5 jun 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Llínea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] – [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Teòric polític&lt;/del&gt;|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Judith Nisse Shklar&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[24 de setembre]] de [[1928]] – [[17 de setembre]] de [[1992]]) fon una filòsofa i [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Llista de teòrics polítics&lt;/ins&gt;|teòrica política]] [[nortamericana]] naixcuda en [[Letònia]], que va estudiar l&#039;història del pensament polític, en particular la corresponent al periodo de l&#039;[[Ilustració]]. En [[1980]] fon nomenada professora John Cowles de Govern en l&#039;Universitat de [[Universitat de Harvard|Harvard]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Biografia ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Avenza</name></author>
	</entry>
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