This file is in the public domain because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
The author died in 1940, so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 80 years or fewer.
You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States.
Note that a few countries have copyright terms longer than 80 years: Mexico has 100 years and Jamaica has 95 years. This image may not be in the public domain in these countries, which moreover do not implement the rule of the shorter term.
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/PDMCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0falsefalse
This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.
Note: This tag applies to scans and photocopies only. For photographs of public domain originals taken from afar, {{PD-Art}} may be applicable. See Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.
The publication history of this work is unknown. It was created in 1933. Unless it was published before thirty days in the U.S. after its original publication in the source country, this work may not be in the public domainin the United States because its U.S. copyright was restored by the URAA as it was still copyrighted in its source country (European Union) on the URAA date (1 January 1996). In most cases, it is copyrighted in the U.S. until 95 years after the year in which it was initially published (exceptions are works published after 1977; see Commons:Hirtle chart).This template may not be used for files uploaded after 1 March 2012.
If you are the copyright holder of this file, and do not wish to have it hosted on Commons, please contact our designated agent or nominate the file for deletion, explaining the situation.
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