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El '''sionisme''' és una ideologia i un moviment polític nacionaliste que va propondre l'establiment d'un Estat per al poble judeu. Dit moviment fon el promotor i responsable en gran mida de la fundació de l'[[Israel|Estat d'Israel]] en 1948 i, des de la seua consecució, se centra en la defensa i respal al manteniment de la seua existència.

El sionisme va aparéixer en Europa central i oriental a finals del sigle XIX. El seu fundador mentres que moviment organisat fon el periodiste austrohúngar d'orige judeu Theodor Herzl com a resposta a l'ona antisemita que va recórrer Europa en eixos anys, un dels exponents dels quals fon el affaire Dreyfus.<ref>{{cita publicación |apellido=Dieckhoff |nombre=Alain |idioma=francés |título=Qu'est-ce que l'antisionisme? |año=2019 |publicación=Les Collections de L’Histoire |volumen= |número=83 |páginas=81}}</ref> El moviment va tindre com a objectiu fomentar l'emigració judeua a Palestina i va alcançar el seu objectiu principal en la fundació de l'Estat d'Israel en 1948.

El sionisme constituïx una branca del fenomen més ampli del nacionalisme modern.<ref>''Naciones y nacionalismo desde 1780'', [[Eric Hobsbawm]], Crítica, 2004, ISBN 84-8432-135-5, p. 120.</ref><ref>[[A.R. Taylor]], ''Vision and intent in Zionist Thought'', en ''The transformation of Palestine'', I. Abu-Lughod (ed.), 1971, ISBN 0-8101-0345-1, p. 10.</ref> Descrit com un «nacionalisme en la diàspora» i opost al asimilacionisme,<ref>''Nations and Nationalism'', [[Ernest Gellner]], Cornell University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-8014-9263-7, p 107-108.</ref> el sionisme es autodefinix com un moviment de lliberació nacional,<ref>A national liberation movement:

*"Zionism is a modern national liberation movement whose roots go far back to Biblical times." (Rockaway, Robert. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071216111459/http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=111 Zionism: The National Liberation Movement of The Jewish People], [[World Zionist Organization]], January 21, 1975, accessed August 17, 2006).

*"The aim of Zionism was principally the liberation and self-determination of the Jewish people...", [[Shlomo Avineri]]. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20071012002249/http://hagshama.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1551 Zionism as a Movement of National Liberation], Hagshama department of the [[World Zionist Organization]], December 12, 2003, accessed August 17, 2006).

*"Political Zionism, the national liberation movement of the Jewish people, emerged in the 19th century within the context of the liberal nationalism then sweeping through Europe." (Neuberger, Binyamin. [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/8/Zionism%20-%20an%20Introduction Zionism - an Introduction], Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August 20, 2001, accessed August 17, 2006).

*"The vicious diatribes on Zionism voiced here by Arab delegates may give this Assembly the wrong impression that while the rest of the world supported the Jewish national liberation movement the Arab world was always hostile to Zionism." ([[Herzog, Chaim|Chaim Herzog]], [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1974-1977/129%20Statement%20in%20the%20General%20Assembly%20by%20Ambassado Statement in the General Assembly by Ambassador Herzog on the item "Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination", 10 November 1975.], Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, November 11, 1975, accessed August 17, 2006).

*[http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/WUPJ-2004-Items%205%20and%209.htm Zionism: one of the earliest examples of a national liberation movement] {{Wayback|url=http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/WUPJ-2004-Items%205%20and%209.htm|date=20080603212023}}, written submission by the World Union for Progressive Judaism to the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Sixtieth session, Item 5 and 9 of the provisional agenda, January 27, 2004, accessed August 17, 2006.

*"Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people and the state of Israel is its political expression." ([[Shlaim, Avi|Avi Shlaim]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028120856/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/02/04/edshlaim_ed3_.php A debate : Is Zionism today the real enemy of the Jews?], ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', February 4, 2005, accessed August 17, 2006.

*"But Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people." ([[Melanie Phillips|Philips, Melanie]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080819184825/http://www.melaniephillips.com/diary/archives/Zionism%20MP.pdf Zionism today is the real enemy of the Jews’: opposed by Melanie Phillips], www.melaniephilips.com, accessed August 17, 2006.

*"Zionism, the national liberation movement of the Jewish people, brought about the establishment of the State of Israel, and views a Jewish, Zionist, democratic and secure State of Israel to be the expression of the common responsibility of the Jewish people for its continuity and future." ([http://www.hadassah.org/pageframe.asp?section=education&page=jerusalem_program.html&header=jerusalem_program&size=60 What is Zionism (The Jerusalem Program)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hadassah.org/pageframe.asp?section=education&page=jerusalem_program.html&header=jerusalem_program&size=60|date=20090122141710}}, [[Hadassah]], accessed August 17, 2006.

*"Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people." (Harris, Rob. [http://www.jewishtelegraph.com/ire_1.html Ireland's Zionist slurs like Iran, says Israel], ''[[Jewish Telegraph]]'', December 16, 2005, accessed August 17, 2006.</ref> l'objectiu de la qual és la lliure autodeterminació del poble judeu.

Existixen pocs estudis sobre la proporció de persones judeues que recolzen o rebugen el sionisme. En 2026 una enquesta de les Jewish Federations of North America, que es definixen com "orgullosament sionistes", va trobar que el 37% dels judeus d'Estats Units es declaraven sionistes, un 7% antisionistes, un atre 8% "no sionistes" i el 48% no s'identificaven en cap d'eixes etiquetes.<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://forward.com/news/antisemitism-decoded/804502/american-jews-zionist-zionism-survey/|título=Most American Jews aren’t ‘Zionist’ — so what are they?|fechaacceso=2026-02-17|apellido=Rosenfeld|nombre=Arno|fecha=2026-02-11|sitioweb=The Forward|idioma=en}}</ref>

== Referències ==

@@ Llínea 1: / Llínea 1: @@
 El '''sionisme''' és una ideologia i un moviment polític nacionaliste que va propondre l'establiment d'un Estat per al poble judeu. Dit moviment fon el promotor i responsable en gran mida de la fundació de l'[[Israel|Estat d'Israel]] en 1948 i, des de la seua consecució, se centra en la defensa i respal al manteniment de la seua existència.
+El sionisme va aparéixer en Europa central i oriental a finals del sigle XIX. El seu fundador mentres que moviment organisat fon el periodiste austrohúngar d'orige judeu Theodor Herzl com a resposta a l'ona antisemita que va recórrer Europa en eixos anys, un dels exponents dels quals fon el affaire Dreyfus.<ref>{{cita publicación |apellido=Dieckhoff |nombre=Alain |idioma=francés |título=Qu'est-ce que l'antisionisme? |año=2019 |publicación=Les Collections de L’Histoire |volumen= |número=83 |páginas=81}}</ref>  El moviment va tindre com a objectiu fomentar l'emigració judeua a Palestina i va alcançar el seu objectiu principal en la fundació de l'Estat d'Israel en 1948.
+El sionisme constituïx una branca del fenomen més ampli del nacionalisme modern.<ref>''Naciones y nacionalismo desde 1780'', [[Eric Hobsbawm]], Crítica, 2004, ISBN 84-8432-135-5, p. 120.</ref><ref>[[A.R. Taylor]], ''Vision and intent in Zionist Thought'', en ''The transformation of Palestine'', I. Abu-Lughod (ed.), 1971, ISBN 0-8101-0345-1, p. 10.</ref> Descrit com un «nacionalisme en la diàspora» i opost al asimilacionisme,<ref>''Nations and Nationalism'', [[Ernest Gellner]], Cornell University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-8014-9263-7, p 107-108.</ref> el sionisme es autodefinix com un moviment de lliberació nacional,<ref>A national liberation movement:
+*"Zionism is a modern national liberation movement whose roots go far back to Biblical times." (Rockaway, Robert. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071216111459/http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=111 Zionism: The National Liberation Movement of The Jewish People], [[World Zionist Organization]], January 21, 1975, accessed August 17, 2006).
+*"The aim of Zionism was principally the liberation and self-determination of the Jewish people...", [[Shlomo Avineri]]. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20071012002249/http://hagshama.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1551 Zionism as a Movement of National Liberation], Hagshama department of the [[World Zionist Organization]], December 12, 2003, accessed August 17, 2006).
+*"Political Zionism, the national liberation movement of the Jewish people, emerged in the 19th century within the context of the liberal nationalism then sweeping through Europe." (Neuberger, Binyamin. [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/8/Zionism%20-%20an%20Introduction Zionism - an Introduction], Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August 20, 2001, accessed August 17, 2006).
+*"The vicious diatribes on Zionism voiced here by Arab delegates may give this Assembly the wrong impression that while the rest of the world supported the Jewish national liberation movement the Arab world was always hostile to Zionism." ([[Herzog, Chaim|Chaim Herzog]], [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1974-1977/129%20Statement%20in%20the%20General%20Assembly%20by%20Ambassado Statement in the General Assembly by Ambassador Herzog on the item "Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination", 10 November 1975.], Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, November 11, 1975, accessed August 17, 2006).
+*[http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/WUPJ-2004-Items%205%20and%209.htm Zionism: one of the earliest examples of a national liberation movement] {{Wayback|url=http://sicsa.huji.ac.il/WUPJ-2004-Items%205%20and%209.htm|date=20080603212023}}, written submission by the World Union for Progressive Judaism to the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Sixtieth session, Item 5 and 9 of the provisional agenda, January 27, 2004, accessed August 17, 2006.
+*"Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people and the state of Israel is its political expression." ([[Shlaim, Avi|Avi Shlaim]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028120856/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/02/04/edshlaim_ed3_.php A debate : Is Zionism today the real enemy of the Jews?], ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', February 4, 2005, accessed August 17, 2006.
+*"But Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people." ([[Melanie Phillips|Philips, Melanie]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080819184825/http://www.melaniephillips.com/diary/archives/Zionism%20MP.pdf Zionism today is the real enemy of the Jews’: opposed by Melanie Phillips], www.melaniephilips.com, accessed August 17, 2006.
+*"Zionism, the national liberation movement of the Jewish people, brought about the establishment of the State of Israel, and views a Jewish, Zionist, democratic and secure State of Israel to be the expression of the common responsibility of the Jewish people for its continuity and future." ([http://www.hadassah.org/pageframe.asp?section=education&page=jerusalem_program.html&header=jerusalem_program&size=60 What is Zionism (The Jerusalem Program)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hadassah.org/pageframe.asp?section=education&page=jerusalem_program.html&header=jerusalem_program&size=60|date=20090122141710}}, [[Hadassah]], accessed August 17, 2006.
+*"Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people." (Harris, Rob. [http://www.jewishtelegraph.com/ire_1.html Ireland's Zionist slurs like Iran, says Israel], ''[[Jewish Telegraph]]'', December 16, 2005, accessed August 17, 2006.</ref> l'objectiu de la qual és la lliure autodeterminació del poble judeu.
+Existixen pocs estudis sobre la proporció de persones judeues que recolzen o rebugen el sionisme. En 2026 una enquesta de les Jewish Federations of North America, que es definixen com "orgullosament sionistes", va trobar que el 37% dels judeus d'Estats Units es declaraven sionistes, un 7% antisionistes, un atre 8% "no sionistes" i el 48% no s'identificaven en cap d'eixes etiquetes.<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://forward.com/news/antisemitism-decoded/804502/american-jews-zionist-zionism-survey/|título=Most American Jews aren’t ‘Zionist’ — so what are they?|fechaacceso=2026-02-17|apellido=Rosenfeld|nombre=Arno|fecha=2026-02-11|sitioweb=The Forward|idioma=en}}</ref>
 == Referències ==