Anar al contingut

Munsee

De L'Enciclopèdia, la wikipedia en valencià
Erro al crear miniatura:
Llengües Lenape: Munsee (vert clar) era al nort i dos dialectes d'Unami al centre i sul

Munsee és una llengua en vies d'extinció del subgrup Algonquino Oriental, sendo una de les dos llengües dels Lenape. És molt prop de l'extinta Unami, l'atra idioma Lenape. El Munsee va ser antigament parlat per natius en l'actual Ciutat de Nova York i les àrees veïnes, més precisament Manhattan, Staten Island, el sul de la vall del Riu Hudson, l'oest de Long Island, el nort de Nova Jersey, i el nordest de Pennsilvània.

Fonologia

[editar | editar còdic]

Consonants

[editar | editar còdic]
Consonante Munsee
Bilabial Dental Postalveolar Velar Glotal
Stop p t č [tʃ] k
Fricativa s š [ʃ] x h
Nassal m n
Lateral l
Semivogals (w) i [j] w

Vocals

[editar | editar còdic]
Vocals Munsee
Frontal Central Posterior
Tancada i• [iː], i [ɪ] o• [oː], o [ʊ]
Mija i• [ɛː], i [ɛ] ə
Oberta a• [aː], a [ʌ]

Ortografia

[editar | editar còdic]
Comparació entre les ortografia “pràctica” i “linguística” del Munsee[1] en l'us del alfabet llatí:
Llingüística Pràctica Espanyol Llingüística Pràctica Espanyol Llingüística Pràctica Espanyol Llingüística Pràctica Espanyol
ampi•lamé•kwa•n ambiilaméekwaan agulla nkwə́ta•š ngwútaash sis wčéht wchéht múscul ăpánšəi ăpánzhuy fusta
nə̆wánsi•n nŭwánsiin yo vaig oblidar xwánsal xwánzal germà més vell d'ell ní•ša•š níishaash sèt ntəší•nsi ndushíinzi yo em dic aixina i aixina
máske•kw máskeekw pantà xá•š xáash huit ăpwá•n ăpwáan ”pa óhpwe•w óhpweew ell fuma
wə́sksəw wúsksuw ell és jove ătíhte•w ătíhteew està madur kíhkay kíhkay cap máxkw máxkw gose
kwi•škwtó•nhe•w kwiishkwtóonheew ell murmura áhpăpo•n áhpăpoon cadira xwáškwšəš xwáshkwshush rata almizclera pé•nkwan péenɡwan està sec

Bibliografia

[editar | editar còdic]
  • Blalock, Lucy, Bruce Pearson i James Rementer. 1994. The Delaware Language. Bartlesville, OK: Delaware Tribe of Indians.
  • Brinton, Daniel G., i Albert Seqaqkind Anthony. 1888. A Lenâpé-English dictionary. From an anonymous manuscript in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
  • Delaware Nation Council. 1992. Lunaapeew Dictionary. Basic Words. Part One. Moraviantown: Delaware Nation Council.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1974a. "Dutch Loanwords in Delaware." Herbert C. Kraft, ed. A Delaware Indian Symposium, pp. 153–160. Anthropological Séries No. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1977. "Some early examples of American Indian Pidgin English from New England." International Journal of American Linguistics 43: 37-41.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1979a. "Comparative Algonquian." Lyle Campbell i Marianne Mithun, eds, The languages of Native America, pp. 70–132. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74624-5
  • Goddard, Ives. 1994. "The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialetoology." William Cowan, redactor, Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference, pp. 187–211. Ottawa: Carleton University. ISSN 0831-5671
  • Michelson, Truman. 1922. [Field notes collected at Moraviantown and Six Nations]. Ms. 1635. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
  • Pearson, Bruce. 1988. A Grammar of Delaware: Semantics, Morpho-Syntax, Lexicon, Fonologia. Dewey, OK: Touching Leaves Indian Crafts.
  • Zeisberger, David. 1887. Ebenezer N. Horsford, ed., Zeisberger's Indian Dictionary, English, German, Iroquois — the Onondaga, and Algonquin — the Delaware. Cambridge, MA: John Wilson.
  • Cohen, Patricia. 2010. nytimes. com/2010/04/06/books/06language. html? scp=1&sq=Indian%20Tribes%20Go%20in%20Search%20of%20Their%20Lost%20Languages&st=cse Indian Tribes Go in Search of Their Lost Languages, New York Claves, April 6, 2010, C1
  • Costa, David. J. 2007. "The dialetoology of Southern New England Algonquian. H. C. Wolfart, ed. Papers of the 38th Algonquian Conference, pp. 81-127. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
  • Dahlstrom, Amy. 1995. "Motivation vs. Predictability in Algonquian gender.” H. C. Wolfart, ed., Papers of the Thirty-Third Algonquian Conference, 52-66. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
  • Goddard, Ives. 1971. "The ethnohistorical implications of early Delaware linguistic materials." Man in the Northeast 1: 14-26.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1974. "The Delaware Language, Past and Present." Herbert C. Kraft, ed. A Delaware Indian Symposium, pp. 103–110. Anthropological Séries No. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1978. "Eastern Algonquian Languages." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15, Northeast, pp. 70–77. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
  • Goddard, Ives. 1978a. "Delaware." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15. Northeast, pp. 213–239. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
  • Goddard, Ives. 1979. Delaware Verbal Morphology. New York: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8240-9685-4
  • Goddard, Ives. 1982. "Munsee historical Fonologia." International Journal of American Linguistics 48: 16-48.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1990. "Aspects of the Topic Structure of Fox Narratives: Proximate Shifts and the Use of Overt and Inflectional NPs." International Journal of American Linguistics 56: 317-340
  • Goddard, Ives. 1996. "Introduction." Ives Goddard, ed., The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 17. Languages, pp. 1–16. Washington, D. C.: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9
  • Goddard, Ives. 2002. "Grammatical gender in Algonquian." H. C. Wolfart, ed., Papers of the Thirty-Third Algonquian Conference, pp. 195–231. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
  • Kraft, Herbert. 1986. The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-911020-14-4
  • Kraft, Herbert. 1986a. "Settlement Patterns in the Upper Delaware Valley." Jay F. Custer, ed., Clapix Woodland Cultures of the Middle Atlantic Region, pp. 102–115. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-285-4
  • McDowell, Adam. 2009. "[enllaç trencat]
  • Nichols, John D. and Earl Nyholm. 1995. A concise dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-2427-5
  • O'Pixara, John. 1992. "Intransitive Verbs with Secondary Objects in Munsee Delaware." W. Cowan, ed., Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Algonquian Conference, pp. 322–333. Ottawa: Carleton University. ISSN 0831-5671
  • O'Pixara, John. 1996. Delaware/English - English/Delaware Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-0670-7
  • Rudes, Blair. 1997. 1997. "Resurrecting Wampano (Quiripi) from the dead: Phonological preliminaries." Anthropological Linguistics 39: 1-59
  • Snow, Dean. 1978. "Clapix prehistory of the East coast." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15. Northeast, pp. 58-. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
  • Williams, Lorraine I. 1995. "Indians and Europeans in the Delaware River Valley, 1620-1655." Carol I. Hoffecker, Richard Waldron, Lorraine I. Williams, and Barbara I. Benson, eds., New Sweden in America, pp. 112–120. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-520-6

Referències

[editar | editar còdic]
  1. ↑ Eixemples d'O'Pixara, John; Delaware/English - English/Delaware Dictionary, 1996, Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-0670-7

Enllaços externs

[editar | editar còdic]


Obtingut de «https://www.lenciclopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munsee&oldid=1078904»